Experiencia en el desarrollo y la aplicación de la inmunología en los últimos 10 años / Experience in development and application of Immunology in the past 10 years

Se presentan los resultados alcanzados en las investigaciones inmunológicas realizadas en el Instituto de Hematología e Inmunología en los últimos 10 años. Se describen las investigaciones básicas fundamentales relacionadas con el estudio de las moléculas de adhesión en condiciones fisiológicas y patológicas, como el síndrome coronario agudo y la anemia drepanocítica (AD). Se refieren los trabajos relacionados con el diagnóstico inmunológico de los síndromes linfoproliferativos que aportaron datos a la inmunoepidemiología de las hemopatías malignas, especialmente en sus características fenotípicas; los aspectos de mayor interés en el estudio de la AD, como la disminución de los niveles de los anticuerpos naturales anti-banda 3 en los enfermos con crisis vasooclusivas y su posible participación en el fenómeno de vasooclusión, así como la importancia de las moléculas de adhesión en su etiopatogenia. Se describen los resultados del estudio de detección de anticuerpos contra la proteína de fusión PML/RARa en la leucemia promielocítica y su posible utilidad como marcador de diferenciación celular a partir de la presencia o ausencia de la proteína de fusión en la célula leucémica. Los resultados obtenidos han contribuido notablemente al desarrollo de la Inmunología en Cuba y servirán de pauta para el desarrollo futuro de la especialidad

Authors showed the results achieved in immunological researches in the Institute of Hematology and Immunology during past 10 years. The main basic researches are described in relation to the study of adhesion molecules under physiological and pathological conditions like in the case of the acute coronary syndrome and the drepanocythemia (D). The papers related to the immunological diagnosis of lymphoproliferative syndromes are refered which provide data to the immunoepidemiology of malignant hemopathies, specially in its phenotypic characteristics; the features of more interest in the study of the D, e.g. the decrease of levels of anti-band 3 natural antibodies in patients with vaso-occlusive crisis and its possible participation in the phenomenon of vaso-occlusion, as well as the significance of adhesion molecules in its etiopathogenesis. The results from the study of antibodies detection to PML/RARa fusion protein in the promyelocyte leukemia and its possible usefulness as marker of cellular differentiation from the presence or absence of fusion protein in the leukemic cell are described. The results achieved have contributing very much to development of Immunology in Cuba and will become standard for the future development of the specialty

Immune dysfunction in Australian Aborigines.

An examination of the prevalence and phenotype of immune disorders in different ethnic groups may provide important clues to the etiopathogenesis of these disorders. Whilst still conjectural the restricted and somewhat unique polymorphisms of the MHC (and other genetic loci involving host defences) of the Australian Aborigines may provide an explanation for their apparent heightened susceptibility to newly encountered infections and their resistance to many (auto) immune and allergic disorders. In comparison with non-Aboriginal Australians, Australian Aborigines have heightened frequencies of rheumatic fever, systemic lupus erythematosus, various infections and post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. In contrast various autoimmune disorders (e.g. rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, CREST, biliary cirrhosis, coeliac disease, pernicious anaemia, vitiligo), B27 related arthropathies, psoriasis, lymphoproliferative disorders and atopic disorders appear infrequent or absent. Similarly various autoantibodies occur with increased or diminished frequency. With continuing racial admixture, social deprivation and deleterious lifestyles of these people it is likely that further changes in both the frequencies and phenotype of these immune disorders will occur. It is only with a full understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms involved in these immune disorders that meaningful and clinical relevant interventions will be possible.

Imunodeficiência congenita e câncer / Congenital immunodeficiency and cancer

Atraves de observaçoes clinicas e experimentais tem-se constatado uma relacao entre a imunodeficiencia e o aparecimento de neoplasias malignas. O autor estuda a associacao existente entre as deficiencias imunes primarias e os tumores. Consideracoes especiais sao feitas,mostrando a relativa alta incidencia de neoplasias malignas e determinadas imunodeficiencias congenitas tais como a ataxia telangiectasia, sindrome de Chediak-Higashi, sindrome de Wiskott-Aldrich, Doenca por imunodeficiencia combinada, sindrome de Di George, agamaglobulinemia tipo Brutton, doenca linfoproliferativa ligada ao sexo, e as disgamaglobulinemias